Columbia Law School · Spring 2026

The Political Approval Gap and the Arithmetic of WPR Acquiescence

From Vietnam to Autonomous AI

In November 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution at 42% public confidence against a President at 27%. Across the sixteen operations since, the polarity has run the other way every time.

Moment ← Congress leadsPresident leads → Gap
1973 · WPR enacted
−15
Da Nang · 1975
+10
Cambodia · 1975
+16
Saigon · 1975
+11
Mayaguez · 1975
+12
Iran · 1980
+15
Lebanon · 1982
+21
Grenada · 1983
+13
Libya · 1986
+29
Kuwait · 1990
+34
Somalia · 1992
+28
Kosovo · 1999
+23
Afghanistan · 2001
+2
Iraq · 2003
+17
al-Aulaqi · 2011
+26
Libya · 2011
+23
Soleimani · 2020
+23

i. read

The argument

The piece in scroll, with the polling, the constitutional architecture, the four findings, the Sentinel hypothetical, and the conclusion in sequence.

ii. explore

The cases

Sixteen post-Vietnam operations, sortable by gap, evasion, and outcome, each with the polling, the theory, and the brief.

iii. compare

The redline

The current statute and the proposed rewrite, side by side, with the cases that motivated each change one click away.